專升本英語長(zhǎng)難句怎么學(xué)？一文告訴你

專升本英語長(zhǎng)難句怎么學(xué)？如你所知，在專升本閱讀理解的文章中，長(zhǎng)難句出現(xiàn)是必然。換句話說，考生對(duì)于長(zhǎng)難句的理解水平越高，閱讀理解成績(jī)獲得高分的可能性越大。因此，學(xué)會(huì)長(zhǎng)難句分析尤為關(guān)鍵。那么，長(zhǎng)難句出現(xiàn)的原因是什么？到底應(yīng)該怎么分析長(zhǎng)難句呢？今天我們來幫助大家解決這個(gè)難題。

一、長(zhǎng)難句出現(xiàn)的原因

（1）中心詞加了較多修飾語，后置的定語給理解帶來較大困難。

（2）簡(jiǎn)單句加了較多修飾語，尤其是非謂語動(dòng)詞，含義豐富，形式靈活。

（3）含有三大從句的復(fù)合句。

（4）并列成分、對(duì)等結(jié)構(gòu)的存在。

（5）同位語、插入語的運(yùn)用。

（6）特殊句式的使用：倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和省略。

二、分析長(zhǎng)難句的方法與策略

（一）抓住主干，分清主次

何為句子主干？即句子的主語和謂語。

1. 句子主語

主語(subject) 是一個(gè)句子的主題(theme)， 是句子所述說的主體。它的位置一般在句首。主語一般有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式、主語從句來充當(dāng)。

（1）A man called you just now.( 名詞)

（2）Most of us like surfing the Internet.（代詞）

（3）One in ten were for the plan.（數(shù)詞）

（4）It is kind of you to give me so much help.（不定式）

（5）Helping others is helping yourself.（動(dòng)名詞）

（6）Whether he will come is uncertain.（主語從句）

（7）It's said that he will not come back again.（主語從句）

2. 句子謂語

謂語(predicate) 或謂語動(dòng)詞(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主語之后。謂語有簡(jiǎn)單謂語和復(fù)合謂語兩種。簡(jiǎn)單謂語是由一個(gè)行為動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的，比較容易識(shí)別。復(fù)合謂語包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ 動(dòng)詞原形、連系動(dòng)詞+ 表語、動(dòng)詞短語及被動(dòng)語態(tài)bedone、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)be doing、完成時(shí)態(tài) has/ have done、將來時(shí)態(tài)will do / be going to do 等。

（1）You can make a difference if you are confident.

（2）He was followed by the fans.

（3）I was about to go out when my phone rang.

（二）以連詞為分界點(diǎn)，確定句子是并列句或復(fù)合句

并列連詞連接并列句，常見的并列連詞有and, but, yet, or,so, for ,not only...but also，while（然而）。

從屬連詞連接復(fù)合句，常見的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)狀語從句的有when, after, before, till, until, since, though, although, because等，引導(dǎo)定語從句的有 that，who, whom, which,where, when 等，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的有what, that 等。

（三）確定中心名詞，識(shí)別后置定語

后置定語通常以不定式、分詞、介詞短語、定語從句等形式體現(xiàn)。此外，定語也可能不是一個(gè)，可能出現(xiàn)“B 的A”形式和“C 的B 的A”形式，也可能出現(xiàn)“B 和C 的A”形式，必要時(shí)應(yīng)逐一分析。

（1）I got a chance to give a speech at the meeting.（B 的A）

（2）The girl wearing sunglasses is LiuXuan.（B 的A）

（3）I like the book written by DongQing.（B 的A）

（4）The boy with a book in his hand is Jim.（B 的A）

（5）The man who helped you is my boss.(B 的A)

（6）The boy with a book in his hand written by DongQing is Jim.（C 的B 的A）

（7）The man with a book in his hand who helped you is my boss.（B 和C 的A）

（四）正確理解非謂語動(dòng)詞的含義

非謂語動(dòng)詞是句子中的次要?jiǎng)釉~，保留了動(dòng)詞的部分特征，有時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)，但其有自己的特征。尤其是當(dāng)分詞做定語和分詞做狀語時(shí)，學(xué)生非常容易混淆。分詞作定語相當(dāng)于定語從句，分詞做狀語相當(dāng)于狀語從句或并列句。

（1）She is a pupil admired by all her classmates.( 定語)

=She is a pupil who is admired by all her classmates.

（2）This is the novel translated into a few languages（. 定語）

=This is the novel that has translated into a few languages.

（3）Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.（原因狀語）

=Because it was Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.

（4）Following the teacher, the students walked into the office.（伴隨狀語）

=The students followed the teacher, and the students walked into the office.

（五）同位語

由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上同一層次的語言單位組成的結(jié)構(gòu)，后項(xiàng)是前項(xiàng)的同位語。

（1）Mr Zhang, our president, asked us not to punish students.

（2）Tony, one of the most clever boys in our school, is planning to attend the university.

（3）They were worried over the fact that you could not take part in the sports meeting.

（4）The news that he was ill is not true.

（六）把介詞短語看成一個(gè)整體

介詞短語在句子中充當(dāng)表語、定語、狀語等。

（1）In spite of the difficulties, we went on with our work.

（2）Apps are of great use.

（3）Did you like the last grand fashion show of the 20thcentury?

三、長(zhǎng)難句的分析實(shí)例

(Book 6 Unit 5 The power of nature )

（1）Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored.

分析：此句主干是I am never bored，而其前面出現(xiàn)了四個(gè)狀語，分別是working outdoors, in an office, using scientific equipment 和meeting local people and tourists。

（2）Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I don't mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive.

分析：此句是句套從句，第一層是although 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，第二層是because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。

（3）However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on the earth- volcano.

分析：此句是that 引導(dǎo)的表語從句，從句中出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)介詞短語of the most powerful forces和on the earth，我們可以把它們看成是一個(gè)整體。

（4）I was appointed as volcanologist information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii.

分析：which 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，主句中 information 是中心詞，for a database about Mount Kilauea 是其定語，而在這個(gè)介詞短語中又有一個(gè)中心詞database，所以就形成了“C 的B 的A”結(jié)構(gòu)。

（5）Having collected and evaluated the information,I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.

分析：此句難點(diǎn)有三處，一是doing 的完成時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句；二是predict 后為賓語從句；三是賓語從句中需識(shí)別出中心名詞lava, 而其后的from the volcano 是其后置定語。

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